Progression of amiodarone induced cataracts

Amiodarone hydrochloride is a potent antiarrhythmic agent recently approved for use by the Food and Drug Administration. Anterior subcapsular lens opacities were observed in seven of fourteen patients treated with moderate to high doses of amiodarone at the Veterans Administration Medical Center in San Francisco in 1982. The present report summarizes the present status of these same fourteen patients ten years later. Anterior subcapsular lens opacities developed or progressed in all patients continuing treatment with this antiarrhythmic agent during the following ten year interval. Although Snellen visual acuities are not decreased, subtle visual impairment is present as measured by contrast sensitivity measurements with and without glare. This decrease in visual acuity is not a contraindication for therapy with this potentially life saving drug.     

外伤性截瘫合并耳聋11例临床分析

初步分析了11例外伤性截瘫合并耳聋患者,指出外伤性截瘫多有慢性肾功能不全、肾性贫血等并发症。这些并发症对耳聋的发生有一定的影响,但长时间或反复使用耳毒性药物是一个不可忽视的重要因素。作者对此提出了预防耳聋的一些具体措施,可供临床参考或借鉴。     

加温合并药物治疗Lewis肺癌的实验研究

本实验以荷 Lewis 肺癌的 NIH 小鼠为模型,以肿瘤平均直径倍增时间(MDDT)为终点,进行加温合并抗癌药物的研究。结果表明:①43℃加温25分钟,对 Lewis 肺癌有明显的治疗效果(P<0.05);②喜树碱16mg/kg合并加温25分钟,对 Lewis 肺癌的抑制作用随加热温度升高而加强,在43℃时出现相加作用(P<0.001);③斑蝥素0.45mg/kg,高三尖杉酯碱1.2mg/kg 或消瘤芥0.75mg/kg 合并加温25分钟,对Lewis 肺癌的抑制作用随加热温度升高而增强,其中斑蝥素和消瘤芥在43℃时出现协同作用(P<0.001);①去甲斑蝥酸钠3mg/kg 对 Lewis 肺癌无治疗作用,但合并43℃加温25分钟时有协同作用;⑤鸦胆子油口服乳液8ml/kg,间隔27小时合并43℃加温25分钟,对 Lewis 肺癌的治疗有相加作用,并明显延长了荷瘤动物的生存时间。     

XIVth World Congress of Pharmacology San Francisco,CA, July 7–12, 2002 New Cardiovascular Drugs

The XIVth World Congress of Pharmacology took place July 7–12, 2002 in Moscone Convention Center, San Francisco, CA. Over 4,000 scientists, exhibitors and guests attended the Congress. It consisted of 40 symposia, 11 workshops, 18 plenary lectures and ca. 1,400 posters. The Congress was sponsored by the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Inspire Pharmaceuticals and GlaxoSmithKline. The major financial donors were: Eli Lilly and Company, Servier, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Schering‐Plough, Wyeth and Yamanouchi Foundation. This report covers only presentations and posters on drugs that were attended or viewed by the author.     

Reduction in Internal Carotid Arterial Blood Flow Velocity in Children During Antiepileptic Drug Therapy with Clinical Dosages

Summary: We studied the effect of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on internal carotid artery (ICA) blood flow velocity, as an index of total cerebral blood flow (CBF). The subjects were 45 newly diagnosed children with febrile convulsion or epilepsy who were seizure-free for a period long enough not to affect the results. They had no neurologic deficit, received fixed monotherapy, and were examined by a noninvasive Doppler ultrasound method, in comparisonwith 13 age-matched normal volunteers with no AED. In 30 patients, the measurements were performed before and after AED administration [10 with phenobarbital (PB), 10 with carbamazepine (CBZ), and 10 with valproate (VPA)], and performed before and after AED discontinuation in the remaining 15 patients (all with PB). Normal volunteers underwent the two consecutive examinations with a mean interval equal to that of the entire patient group, and there was no difference in velocity values between the measurements. In patients receiving CBZ or VPA, a significant reduction was noted in blood flow velocity after drug administration. Although velocity values in the patients receiving PB did not change after drug administration, they were significantly increased after complete discontinuation. In the present study, a slight but significant reduction in CBF caused by AED administration at therapeutic doses in children was suggested.     

Short-term niflumic-acid-induced acute renal failure in children

Several reports emphasize the adverse effects of non-steroidalanti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on renal function. We haveobserved over the last 10 years seven cases of acute renal failure(ARF) due to immune interstitial nephritis in children. A recommendedoral or rectal dose of niflumic acid was prescribed for ear-nose-throatdisorders, Length of exposure was 1–5 days. Clinical symptoms (oedema, oliguria or anuria) appeared between3 and 6 days. Three patients had previously received the drug.Hypersensitivity signs (fever, skin rash, eosinophilia, and/orincreased IgE) were present in all cases, leukocyturia in fivecases, and haematuria in six cases. Renal biopsy showed interstitiallesions with lymphocyte, eosinophil, and plasma cell infiltrateswithout tubular cell necrosis. Glomeruli were normal on light-microscopy,except in one patient. Electron-microscopy showed extensivepodocyte fusion in two patients, who had clinical and laboratoryevidence of nephrotic syndrome (NS). ARF rapidly disappeared after NSAID withdrawal, except in twopatients whose renal failure was irreversible despite methylprednisolonebolus. ARF is very rare in children treated with niflumic acid.When ARF occurs, different pathophysiological mechanisms areinvolved but the most common is immunological.     

头孢替唑钠与头孢哌酮治疗小儿急性细菌性下呼吸道感染的临床疗效比较

目的:评价头孢替唑钠治疗小儿急性细菌性下呼吸道感染的临床有效性、安全性。方法:轻、中度急性细菌性下呼吸道感染患儿115例分成2组,头孢替唑组58例,予头孢替唑钠20～80mg/(kg·d),溶于10%葡萄糖溶液中,分2次静脉滴注。头孢哌酮组57例,予头孢哌酮50～150mg/(kg·d),分二次静脉滴注。两组均以7~10d为一疗程。结果:头孢替唑钠组与头孢哌酮组的临床有效率分别为93%与91%(P>0.05),细菌清除率分别为92%与89%(P>0.05)。两组均无明显的不良反应。结论:头孢替唑可作为治疗小儿轻、中度急性细菌性下呼吸道感染有效和安全的抗生素。     

一种新型人TNFα对人肝癌裸鼠移植瘤的抗瘤作用

用人肝癌Ｂｅｌ７４０２瘤株建立了人肝癌裸鼠移植瘤模型，探讨新型重组人ＴＮＦａ对这种移植瘤的抗瘤作用，结果表明，ｒｈＴＦａＤ１１ａ和原型重组人ＴＮＦａ的抑瘤率在３０％左右时，后者后用的活性产闰数是前者的２倍；两者用量相同时，前者的抑产经比后者提高２３个百分     

改进虎杖、鸡血藤炮制方法的研究

对虎杖、鸡血藤作了切制、干燥时间和成品、主要成分及水浸出物的比较。结果表明,趁鲜切片优于传统切块、再切片,既能提高饮片的规格质量和成分含量,亦能减少重复劳动,节约能源,避免药材的浪费。